feat: scaffold modular monolith backend architecture

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# WTFX Backend Architecture Rules (后端架构铁律)
> **核心定位**WTFX 采用 **Python + FastAPI + PostgreSQL + Redis** 的**模块化单体 (Modular Monolith)** 架构。
> **适用对象**:所有开发者与 AI Coding Agent。在编写或修改任何后端代码之前,**必须严格遵守本规范**。
---
## 1. 架构核心铁律 (Non-Negotiable Rules)
1. **【分层单向依赖】**
- 依赖调用链严格为:`API Route -> Domain Service -> Repository -> Database/Infrastructure`
- **严禁反向或跨层调用**(如 Route 直连 DB,或 Repo 调用 Service)。
2. **【禁止 Route 直连数据库】**:
- API 路由层(`app/api/`)只允许做:入参校验 (Pydantic Schema)、鉴权依赖注入、调用 Domain Service、返回标准响应。
- **严禁在 Route 中执行 SQL 或 ORM 查询**。
3. **【Domain 纯净性】**
- 业务领域层(`app/domains/`)代表纯粹的业务大脑,**严禁导入 FastAPI 或任何 HTTP/WebSocket 相关的 Web 框架依赖**。
4. **【资金与状态变更强制走 Ledger】**:
- 严禁直接执行 `user.balance += amount` 等无据操作。
- 所有账户资金变动(充值、下注扣款、保证金冻结/解冻、手续费、获胜兑付)**必须通过 LedgerService 生成不可变的复式记账流水 (`LedgerEntry`)**。
5. **【外部第三方服务强制使用 Adapter 隔离】**:
- 链上 RPC、Hyperliquid、价格预言机等外部系统交互必须统一封装在 `app/infrastructure/` 适配器中。
- Domain 业务层只依赖抽象接口(如 `TradingProvider` / `ChainClient`),不感知底层具体 API 细节。
6. **【事件总线驱动,解耦 WebSocket】**
- 业务状态变更(如订单成交、市场毕业)只向 `EventBus` 发送领域事件。
- WebSocket 模块(`app/ws/`)独立订阅事件并广播给在线客户端,业务逻辑层严禁直接依赖 WS 连接对象。
7. **【Model 与 Schema 严格分离】**
- `models/` 映射数据库实体,`schemas/` 定义 API 输入输出结构体。
- **严禁将数据库 Model 直接作为 API Response 返回**,防止敏感字段(密码哈希、内部风控分等)意外泄露。
---
## 2. 目录职责分工
```
wtf-backend/
├── app/
│ ├── main.py # 应用入口与生命周期管理 (Lifespan)
│ ├── config.py # Pydantic Settings 环境变量配置
│ ├── logging.py # 结构化日志配置
│ │
│ ├── api/ # HTTP 接口接入层 (只做请求解析与转发)
│ │ ├── dependencies.py # 共享依赖注入 (DB Session, 当前用户, Auth)
│ │ └── routes/ # 各业务模块的路由入口
│ │ ├── auth.py # Web3 SIWE 钱包登录与 JWT
│ │ ├── markets.py # 预测市场查询与建盘
│ │ ├── orders.py # 交易下单与撤单
│ │ ├── positions.py # 用户持仓查询
│ │ └── wallet.py # 充值、提现与流水
│ │
│ ├── domains/ # 业务领域大脑 (纯业务逻辑,无 Web 依赖)
│ │ ├── market/ # 市场状态机与联合曲线规则
│ │ ├── trading/ # 交易撮合与风控检查
│ │ ├── ledger/ # 【核心】不可变流水账本
│ │ ├── wallet/ # 钱包余额状态管理
│ │ ├── settlement/ # 预测到期结算与兑付
│ │ └── user/ # 用户信息与邀请返佣
│ │
│ ├── infrastructure/ # 外部世界适配层 (数据库、缓存、链上、三方 API)
│ │ ├── database/ # PostgreSQL 连接池与异步 Session 工厂
│ │ ├── redis/ # Redis 缓存与 Streams 事件总线
│ │ ├── blockchain/ # EVM RPC 监听与合约调用客户端
│ │ └── external/ # Hyperliquid / CLOB 等外部交易适配器
│ │
│ ├── models/ # SQLAlchemy 2.0 异步数据库实体
│ │ ├── market.py
│ │ ├── order.py
│ │ ├── position.py
│ │ ├── ledger.py
│ │ └── user.py
│ │
│ ├── schemas/ # Pydantic v2 请求与响应数据传输对象 (DTO)
│ │ ├── market.py
│ │ ├── order.py
│ │ ├── ledger.py
│ │ └── common.py
│ │
│ └── ws/ # WebSocket 实时网关 (行情推流与用户私有信道)
│ ├── manager.py # 连接池与订阅频道管理
│ └── handlers.py # WS 消息解析与心跳
├── migrations/ # Alembic 数据库迁移脚本
├── tests/ # 单元测试与集成测试
├── Dockerfile # 生产镜像构建文件
├── docker-compose.yml # 本地开发与服务器运行编排
└── requirements.txt # 锁定依赖项
```
---
## 3. 核心业务流程标准示例 (How to Write Code)
### 正确的下单流程示例 (Trading Flow):
```
[Client] ---> POST /api/v1/orders
[orders.py (Route)]
│ (1. 解析 CreateOrderRequest Schema)
│ (2. 依赖注入 TradingService)
[TradingService (Domain)]
│ (1. 风险检查 RiskCheck)
│ (2. 冻结资金: 调用 LedgerService.freeze_balance)
│ (3. 创建订单: 调用 OrderRepository.create)
│ (4. 抛出事件: EventBus.publish("OrderCreated"))
[PostgreSQL] (Commit Transaction)
[WS Gateway] (异步监听到 OrderCreated -> 广播行情)
```
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FROM python:3.11-slim
WORKDIR /app
# 安装基础编译依赖
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
build-essential \
libpq-dev \
curl \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# 安装 Python 依赖
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# 复制代码
COPY . .
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8080", "--workers", "4"]
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from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
from typing import List
class Settings(BaseSettings):
PROJECT_NAME: str = "WTFX Backend API"
VERSION: str = "2.0.0"
DEBUG: bool = False
# 环境:development, staging, production
ENVIRONMENT: str = "development"
# 数据库配置 (PostgreSQL)
DATABASE_URL: str = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/wtfx"
# Redis 配置
REDIS_URL: str = "redis://localhost:6379/0"
# JWT 鉴权
JWT_SECRET: str = "wtfx_secret_jwt_key_change_in_production"
JWT_ALGORITHM: str = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES: int = 60 * 24 * 7 # 7 days
# 跨域设置
CORS_ORIGINS: List[str] = [
"http://localhost:3000",
"http://localhost:3001",
"https://wtfx.app",
"https://test.wtfx.app",
"https://admin.wtfx.app",
"https://admin.test.wtfx.app"
]
# 链上 RPC 配置 (Robinhood Chain)
ROBINHOOD_TESTNET_RPC: str = "https://rpc.testnet.chain.robinhood.com"
ROBINHOOD_MAINNET_RPC: str = "https://rpc.chain.robinhood.com"
# 控制器合约地址 (由部署脚本生成)
CONTROLLER_ADDRESS: str = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
class Config:
env_file = ".env"
case_sensitive = True
settings = Settings()
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from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from app.config import settings
@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
# 启动时:初始化 DB 连接池、Redis 事件总线与外部适配器
print(f"Starting {settings.PROJECT_NAME} in [{settings.ENVIRONMENT}] mode...")
yield
# 关闭时:优雅断开连接
print(f"Shutting down {settings.PROJECT_NAME}...")
app = FastAPI(
title=settings.PROJECT_NAME,
version=settings.VERSION,
lifespan=lifespan,
docs_url="/docs" if settings.ENVIRONMENT != "production" else None,
redoc_url="/redoc" if settings.ENVIRONMENT != "production" else None
)
# CORS 配置
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=settings.CORS_ORIGINS,
allow_credentials=True,
allow_methods=["*"],
allow_headers=["*"],
)
@app.get("/health", tags=["System"])
async def health_check():
"""生产探活与健康检查端点 (Blue-Green Probe)"""
return {
"status": "ok",
"service": "wtfx-backend",
"version": settings.VERSION,
"environment": settings.ENVIRONMENT
}
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version: '3.8'
services:
backend:
build: .
container_name: wtfx-backend
restart: unless-stopped
ports:
- "8080:8080"
environment:
- ENVIRONMENT=production
- DATABASE_URL=postgresql+asyncpg://wtfx_user:wtfx_pass@postgres:5432/wtfx_db
- REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
depends_on:
- postgres
- redis
postgres:
image: postgres:16-alpine
container_name: wtfx-postgres
restart: unless-stopped
environment:
POSTGRES_USER: wtfx_user
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: wtfx_pass
POSTGRES_DB: wtfx_db
volumes:
- pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
ports:
- "5432:5432"
redis:
image: redis:7-alpine
container_name: wtfx-redis
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- redisdata:/data
ports:
- "6379:6379"
volumes:
pgdata:
redisdata:
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fastapi>=0.111.0
uvicorn[standard]>=0.30.0
pydantic>=2.7.0
pydantic-settings>=2.3.0
sqlalchemy[asyncio]>=2.0.30
asyncpg>=0.29.0
alembic>=1.13.1
redis>=5.0.4
web3>=6.19.0
eth-account>=0.11.2
pyjwt>=2.8.0
python-multipart>=0.0.9
httpx>=0.27.0
pytest>=8.2.0
pytest-asyncio>=0.23.7